Novoslovnica has some verbs that can be named as basic – they participate in building complex verbal forms and use in different expressions with them.
They are: “byti” (to be), “imáti” (to have), “hteti” (to will).
The verb “byti” has only single present tense. It is only its own characteristic. You can see in the following table the conjugation.
You should also remember of full and short forms of the verb. Short form is used with the subject (noun, pronoun etc.) while the full one is used separately.
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Form | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short |
I person | Jesòm | Sòm | Jesma | Sma | Jesme | Sme |
II person | Jesi | Si | Jesta | Sta | Jeste | Ste |
III person | Jest | Je | Jesų | Sų | Jesu | Su |
The verb “byti” also has its own form of future definite tense, which is used also while forming future definite form of other verbs (see: Indicative).
Byti | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
I person | Bųdu | Bųdema | Bųdeme |
II person | Bųdeš | Bųdeta | Bųdete |
III person | Bųde | Bųdat | Bųdut |
Aorist form of the verb “byti” is not quite regular. Though it belongs to a I-type and a hard base, in aorist it conjugates through Y vowel, not through O. There are also some verbs from I-type, that conjugate in aorist throught Y-vowel.
The list of Y-voweled verbs:
- Byti
- Myti
- Ryti
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
I person | Byh | Byhma | Byhme |
II person | Byša | Byhta | Byhte |
III person | Byše | Byha | Byhu |
The verb “hteti” has both Present Indefinite and Present Definite tenses.
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
I person | Htem | Htema | Hteme |
II person | Hteš | Hteta | Htete |
III person | Hte | Htat | Htut |
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
I person | Hoču | Hočema | Hočeme |
II person | Hočeš | Hočeta | Hočete |
III person | Hoče | Hočat | Hočut |
So does the verb “imáti”. Notice, that the verb has the main form without first vowel (máti). Form “imáti” appears only when the previous word ends with a consonant (see chapter: vowel reproduction).
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
I person | Mám | Máma | Máme |
II person | Máš | Máta | Máte |
III person | Má | Mát | Mút |
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
I Person | Máju | Májema | Májeme |
II Person | Máješ | Májeta | Májete |
III Person | Máje | Májat | Májut |