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Basic verbs

Novoslovnica has some verbs that can be named as basic – they participate in building complex verbal forms and use in different expressions with them.

They are: “byti” (to be), “imáti” (to have), “hteti” (to will).

The verb “byti” has only single present tense. It is only its own characteristic. You can see in the following table the conjugation.

You should also remember of full and short forms of the verb. Short form is used with the subject (noun, pronoun etc.) while the full one is used separately.

 SingularDualPlural
FormFullShortFullShortFullShort
I personJesòmSòmJesmaSmaJesmeSme
II personJesiSiJestaStaJesteSte
III personJestJeJesųJesuSu

The verb “byti” also has its own form of future definite tense, which is used also while forming future definite form of other verbs (see: Indicative).

BytiSingularDualPlural
I personBųduBųdemaBųdeme
II personBųdešBųdetaBųdete
III personBųdeBųdatBųdut

Aorist form of the verb “byti” is not quite regular. Though it belongs to a I-type and a hard base, in aorist it conjugates through Y vowel, not through O. There are also some verbs from I-type, that conjugate in aorist throught Y-vowel.

The list of Y-voweled verbs:

  • Byti
  • Myti
  • Ryti
 SingularDualPlural
I personByhByhmaByhme
II personByšaByhtaByhte
III personByšeByhaByhu

The verb “hteti” has both Present Indefinite and Present Definite tenses.

 SingularDualPlural
I personHtemHtemaHteme
II personHtešHtetaHtete
III personHteHtatHtut
 SingularDualPlural
I personHočuHočemaHočeme
II personHočešHočetaHočete
III personHočeHočatHočut

So does the verb “imáti”. Notice, that the verb has the main form without first vowel (máti). Form “imáti” appears only when the previous word ends with a consonant (see chapter: vowel reproduction).

 SingularDualPlural
I personMámMámaMáme
II personMášMátaMáte
III personMátMút
 SingularDualPlural
I PersonMájuMájemaMájeme
II PersonMáješMájetaMájete
III PersonMájeMájatMájut