Menu Close

Indicative

Indicative is a basic mood.

Here we publish verbal conjugations in Novoslovnica’s tenses.

Some notes and definitions:

  • Perfect participle = Present Indefinite of BYTI + L-participle
  • Pre-perfect participle = Present Indefinite of BYTI + L-participle of BYTI + L-participle

Present Indefinite Tense

A-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-am-ama-ame
II person-aš-ata-ate
III person-a-at-ut
E-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-em-ema-eme
II person-eš-eta-ete
III person-e-at-ut
I-type (only soft)SingularDualPlural
I person-im-ima-ime
II person-iš-ita-ite
III person-i-at-ut
U-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-nam-numa-nume
II person-naš-nuta-nute
III person-na-nujat-nujut
C-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-ovam/-iram-ovama/-irama-ovama/-irama
II person-ovaš/-iraš-ovata/-irata-ovata/-irata
III person-ova/-ira-ovat/-irat-ovut/-irut

Here we should notice the tables are given above.

Present Definite Tense

A-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-aju-ajema-ajeme
II person-aješ-ajeta-ajete
III person-aje-ajat-ajut
E-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-u-ujema-ujeme
II person-uješ-ujeta-ujete
III person-uje-ujat-ujut
I-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-iju-ijema-ijeme
II person-iješ-ijeta-ijete
III person-ije-ijat-ijut
U-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-naju-najema-najeme
II person-naje-najeta-najete
III person-naje-najat-najut
C-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-uju-ujema-ujeme
II person-uješ-ujeta-ujete
III person-uje-ujat-ujut

Future Indefinite Tense

This tense is formed by Pre-future form of the verb «byti» with the past passive participle of the main verb.

Scheme: HTE + PRE-PERFECT PARTICIPLE

Future Definite Tense

Future Definite Tense has three forms of construction:

  1. HTE + PRESENT INDEFINITE
  2. FUTURE DEFINITE of BYTI + INFINITIVE
  3. Single form (look at the tables)

Semantic differences are shown on the page about tenses.

A-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-ahtem-ahtema-ahteme
II person-ahteš-ahteta-ahtete
III person-ahte-ahtat-ahtut
E-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-ehtem-ehtema-ehteme
II person-ehteš-ehteta-ehtete
III person-ehte-ehtat-ehtut
I-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-ihtem-ihtema-ihteme
II person-ihteš-ihteta-ihtete
III person-ihte-ihtat-ihtut
U-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-nu-nema-neme
II person-neš-neta-nete
III person-ne-nat-nut
C-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-ovahtem/-irahtem-ovahtema/-irahtema-ovahteme/-irahteme
II person-ovahteš/-irahteš-ovahteta/-irahteta-ovahtete/-irahtete
III person-ovahte/-irahte-ovahtat/-irahtat-ovahtut/-irahtut

Pre-future Tense

The tense is formed by using the verb «hteti» in 3-person form with the main verb in perfect form.

Scheme: HTE + PERFECT PARTICIPLE

Past Indefinite

The tense is formed by using the main verb “byti” in perfect with L-participle of the main verb.

Scheme: PRE-PERFECT PARTICIPLE

Aorist

A-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-ah-ahma-ahme
II person-aša-ahta-ahte
III person-aše-aha-ahu
E-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-eh-ehma-ehme
II person-eša-ehta-ehte
III person-eše-eha-ehu
I-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-ih-ihma-ihme
II person-iša-ihta-ihte
III person-iše-iha-ihu
U-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-nuh-nuhma-nuhme
II person-nuša-nuhta-nuhte
III person-nuše-nuha-nuhu
C-typeSingularDualPlural
I person-ovah/irah-ovahma/irahma-ovahme/irahme
II person-ovaša/iraša-ovahta/irahta-ovahte/irahte
III person-ovaše/iraše-ovaha/iraha-ovahu/irahu

Imperfect

 SingularDualPlural
I person-ěh-ěhma-ěhme
II person-ěša-ěhta-ěhte
III person-ěše-ěha-ěhu

Perfect

The tense is formed by the auxiliary verb «byti» in Present Indefinite and an L-participle following it.

Scheme: PERFECT PARTICIPLE

Plusquamperfect

 The tense is formed with aorist/imperfect form of the auxiliary verb «byti» with an L-participle of the main verb.

Scheme: AORIST/IMPERFECT of BYTI + L-PARTICIPLE

Future-in-the-Past Tense

The tense is build with imperfect of the auxiliary verb «hteti» and DA-construction of the main verb

Scheme: IMPERFECT OF HTETI + DA + PRESENT INDEFINITE

Pre-future-in-the-Past Tense

The tense is formed with imperfect of the auxiliary verb «hteti» with perfect form of the main verb via DA-construction

Scheme: IMPERFECT OF HTETI + DA + PERFECT-PARTICIPLE