Indicative is a basic mood.
Here we publish verbal conjugations in Novoslovnica’s tenses.
Some notes and definitions:
- Perfect participle = Present Indefinite of BYTI + L-participle
- Pre-perfect participle = Present Indefinite of BYTI + L-participle of BYTI + L-participle
Present Indefinite Tense
| A-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -am | -ama | -ame |
| II person | -aš | -ata | -ate |
| III person | -a | -at | -ut |
| E-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -em | -ema | -eme |
| II person | -eš | -eta | -ete |
| III person | -e | -at | -ut |
| I-type (only soft) | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -im | -ima | -ime |
| II person | -iš | -ita | -ite |
| III person | -i | -at | -ut |
| U-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -nam | -numa | -nume |
| II person | -naš | -nuta | -nute |
| III person | -na | -nujat | -nujut |
| C-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -ovam/-iram | -ovama/-irama | -ovama/-irama |
| II person | -ovaš/-iraš | -ovata/-irata | -ovata/-irata |
| III person | -ova/-ira | -ovat/-irat | -ovut/-irut |
Here we should notice the tables are given above.
Present Definite Tense
| A-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -aju | -ajema | -ajeme |
| II person | -aješ | -ajeta | -ajete |
| III person | -aje | -ajat | -ajut |
| E-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -u | -ujema | -ujeme |
| II person | -uješ | -ujeta | -ujete |
| III person | -uje | -ujat | -ujut |
| I-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -iju | -ijema | -ijeme |
| II person | -iješ | -ijeta | -ijete |
| III person | -ije | -ijat | -ijut |
| U-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -naju | -najema | -najeme |
| II person | -naje | -najeta | -najete |
| III person | -naje | -najat | -najut |
| C-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -uju | -ujema | -ujeme |
| II person | -uješ | -ujeta | -ujete |
| III person | -uje | -ujat | -ujut |
Future Indefinite Tense
This tense is formed by Pre-future form of the verb «byti» with the past passive participle of the main verb.
Scheme: HTE + PRE-PERFECT PARTICIPLE
Future Definite Tense
Future Definite Tense has three forms of construction:
- HTE + PRESENT INDEFINITE
- FUTURE DEFINITE of BYTI + INFINITIVE
- Single form (look at the tables)
Semantic differences are shown on the page about tenses.
| A-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -ahtem | -ahtema | -ahteme |
| II person | -ahteš | -ahteta | -ahtete |
| III person | -ahte | -ahtat | -ahtut |
| E-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -ehtem | -ehtema | -ehteme |
| II person | -ehteš | -ehteta | -ehtete |
| III person | -ehte | -ehtat | -ehtut |
| I-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -ihtem | -ihtema | -ihteme |
| II person | -ihteš | -ihteta | -ihtete |
| III person | -ihte | -ihtat | -ihtut |
| U-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -nu | -nema | -neme |
| II person | -neš | -neta | -nete |
| III person | -ne | -nat | -nut |
| C-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -ovahtem/-irahtem | -ovahtema/-irahtema | -ovahteme/-irahteme |
| II person | -ovahteš/-irahteš | -ovahteta/-irahteta | -ovahtete/-irahtete |
| III person | -ovahte/-irahte | -ovahtat/-irahtat | -ovahtut/-irahtut |
Pre-future Tense
The tense is formed by using the verb «hteti» in 3-person form with the main verb in perfect form.
Scheme: HTE + PERFECT PARTICIPLE
Past Indefinite
The tense is formed by using the main verb “byti” in perfect with L-participle of the main verb.
Scheme: PRE-PERFECT PARTICIPLE
Aorist
| A-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -ah | -ahma | -ahme |
| II person | -aša | -ahta | -ahte |
| III person | -aše | -aha | -ahu |
| E-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -eh | -ehma | -ehme |
| II person | -eša | -ehta | -ehte |
| III person | -eše | -eha | -ehu |
| I-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -ih | -ihma | -ihme |
| II person | -iša | -ihta | -ihte |
| III person | -iše | -iha | -ihu |
| U-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -nuh | -nuhma | -nuhme |
| II person | -nuša | -nuhta | -nuhte |
| III person | -nuše | -nuha | -nuhu |
| C-type | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -ovah/irah | -ovahma/irahma | -ovahme/irahme |
| II person | -ovaša/iraša | -ovahta/irahta | -ovahte/irahte |
| III person | -ovaše/iraše | -ovaha/iraha | -ovahu/irahu |
Imperfect
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I person | -ěh | -ěhma | -ěhme |
| II person | -ěša | -ěhta | -ěhte |
| III person | -ěše | -ěha | -ěhu |
Perfect
The tense is formed by the auxiliary verb «byti» in Present Indefinite and an L-participle following it.
Scheme: PERFECT PARTICIPLE
Plusquamperfect
The tense is formed with aorist/imperfect form of the auxiliary verb «byti» with an L-participle of the main verb.
Scheme: AORIST/IMPERFECT of BYTI + L-PARTICIPLE
Future-in-the-Past Tense
The tense is build with imperfect of the auxiliary verb «hteti» and DA-construction of the main verb
Scheme: IMPERFECT OF HTETI + DA + PRESENT INDEFINITE
Pre-future-in-the-Past Tense
The tense is formed with imperfect of the auxiliary verb «hteti» with perfect form of the main verb via DA-construction
Scheme: IMPERFECT OF HTETI + DA + PERFECT-PARTICIPLE